What's Earth's dominant species by mass?

(signoregalilei.com)

132 points | by surprisetalk 11 hours ago

20 comments

  • GMoromisato 2 hours ago
    Imagine you're an alien explorer. You visit Earth 25,000 krugs ago (51,304 Earth-years ago) and see a pretty standard ecological milieu: a wide variety of species, each adapted to its own little environment, no different than it was 50 million krugs before.

    You return today and see that one previously unremarkable ape-like species has spread out to all parts of the world and is even orbiting in little tin cans around the planet. Almost all wild terrestrial megafauna is gone and the megafauna that remains is raised by the "humans" in massive farms. They've converted forests and jungles into farms and cities, and they're spending vast amounts of energy to make silicon think.

    The fact that aliens have not nuked us from orbit out of sheer panic is, I think, strong evidence that we are alone in the galaxy.

    • roughly 1 hour ago
      Add to that, the previous species you identified as a particularly clever pack animal formed a relationship with the monkeys and now looks like this:

      https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/200...

      At a bare minimum, yeah, you quarantine that whole fucking species.

    • 0cf8612b2e1e 1 hour ago
      Does that strike you as an unusual path for an intelligent species to become space faring? We have yet to unlock the Singularity shortcut that leaves us with replicators and free energy.

      I would expect any civilization to exterminate or at least cull the creatures that pose a threat and to cultivate those that are tasty or useful.

      • NoMoreNicksLeft 1 hour ago
        >We have yet to unlock the Singularity shortcut that leaves us with replicators and free energy.

        That leaves our successor species, the machine minds, with replicators and free energy, I think you mean.

    • delecti 19 minutes ago
      By definition, evolution selects for species that are good at making more of themselves. I don't think it's reasonable to assume that intelligent species tend to overcome that evolutionary tendency to spread fast enough for us to be weird.
    • starshadowx2 42 minutes ago
      Do we really want to make contact with meat?
    • MrZander 1 hour ago
      Or the aliens did the same thing we did?
    • kridsdale1 2 hours ago
      Read Children of Time for a great exploration of this theme.
      • aeve890 2 minutes ago
        And then read Children of Ruin, Children of Memory and finally Children of Strife.

        Every book of the series is amazing in its own way.

    • micromacrofoot 1 hour ago
      More likely just not seen yet, our furthest reaching signals are maybe 50 light years away at best... and that's if anyone's looking for the faintest of faint traces.

      The Milky Way is 100,000 light years in diameter.

      So don't worry, maybe someone will blip us out of existence someday.

      • lisper 44 minutes ago
        > More likely just not seen yet, our furthest reaching signals are maybe 50 light years away at best

        This is the key. On interstellar scales, things move very, very slowly and you have to plan on time scales measured in millennia. IMHO we are doomed simply because we can barely think beyond the next election cycle. (At least that's true for Americans. The Chinese seem to think in terms of decades and, occasionally, centuries.)

        • jcranmer 18 minutes ago
          > (At least that's true for Americans. The Chinese seem to think in terms of decades and, occasionally, centuries.)

          The Chinese political system is just as short-term-oriented as <insert democracy here> on the whole, and I don't think there has ever been a politician in history who ever thought about workable century-long impacts.

        • GMoromisato 34 minutes ago
          50,000 years ago (or so) we were a tiny species hanging out in Africa. We didn't think in terms of years, much less decades. This was before we figured out how to measure the length of the year or to predict when the winter would end.

          And yet, without any central planning or coordination, we left Africa and colonized Europe, then we headed out across Asia and crossed into the Americas. Plus we sailed from Asia and colonized Polynesia.

          Imagine someone saying, "We're doomed because people walk very slowly--it's going to take a thousand years to get to the southern tip of the Americas." And yet, we did.

          I think the same thing will happen with space travel and ultimately the colonization of the galaxy.

          • lisper 8 minutes ago
            > Imagine someone saying, "We're doomed because people walk very slowly

            I think I may not have made myself clear. The analogy here is not that "we're doomed because people walk slowly". There is nothing that happens here on earth that is even remotely analogous to the constraints that the speed of light imposes on interstellar processes. Even at a leisurely walking pace, a human can circumnavigate the planet in less time than it takes light to reach the nearest star. Human walking speed is blindingly fast (relative to the size of the planet) compared to the speed of light (relative to the distances between stars).

            The reason we're doomed is not that we're not walking fast enough, it's because we won't stop walking and take time to think about where we should be going. We just go.

    • nephihaha 28 minutes ago
      "The fact that aliens have not nuked us from orbit out of sheer panic is, I think, strong evidence that we are alone in the galaxy."

      Or they are cybernetic lifeforms and are applauding our current trajectory.

  • ortusdux 3 hours ago
    Facts I try not to think about:

    - More than 2/3rds of the world's avian biomass is poultry

    - There are more Panda Expresses than pandas (edit - in the wild)

    • alpineman 59 minutes ago
      And the birds suffer the whole time in giant sheds with no daylight, and then the majority of that entire 2/3rds biomass is slaughtered in a very distressing way every 6 weeks or so.

      People then eat chicken and feed the remaining 1/3rd seeds on a bird feeder in their garden.

    • stult 2 hours ago
      I didn't know they had Panda Expresses in the wild
    • sidewndr46 3 hours ago
      Aren't there more just about any retail store than pandas?
    • jiggawatts 1 hour ago
      Land mammal biomass: https://xkcd.com/1338/
  • niccl 2 hours ago
    In some book by P G Wodehouse (inventor of Jeeves the butler), one character says (out of nowhere) that all the humans on the planet could fit in a cubic hole 1/2 mile on each side. It took me a little while to convince myself that was true. It still is, apparently
  • gumby 3 hours ago
    Famously, when asked about a god, J.B.S. Haldane allegedly said that if there is a god or gods, they must have an “inordinate fondness for beetles.”
    • 0cf8612b2e1e 2 hours ago
      There is a Discworld joke about this. After being introduced to the God of evolution, God shows off the magnum opus he has been developing, the cockroach.
    • hermitcrab 1 hour ago
      I read somewhere that some scientists now think there may be more species of wasps than beetles. Not least because many species of beetle seem to have a species of wasps that prey on them.
    • adammarples 3 hours ago
      This is because when they would lay a sheet on the ground and shake the branches of a tree, they would often find more species of beetles than anything else. However, they may have been extrapolating a bit far from the few places they tried this.
      • boston_clone 2 hours ago
        No, it’s because beetles have the most diversity of any animal order.

        “The Coleoptera, with about 400,000 described species, is the largest of all orders, constituting almost 40% of described arthropods and 25% of all known animal species…”

        First paragraph of the wiki article! https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beetle

  • NDlurker 2 hours ago
    What would .2 billion tons of viruses look like? Or any large mass of viruses? Goopy? What color what it be? These are probably questions for an LLM
    • WillAdams 2 hours ago
      That was actually covered by Randall Munro of XKCD:

      https://what-if.xkcd.com/80/

      • jrapdx3 2 hours ago
        Excellently written, informative, entertaining and a bit scary. Oceans of slime yet viruses are so small. It is mind-blowing to think about.
      • NetMageSCW 1 hour ago
        I’m not sure the color extrapolation to pus is justified.
      • NDlurker 2 hours ago
        Haha of course it was! Thanks for the link.
    • NoMoreNicksLeft 1 hour ago
      Supposedly, at its peak, all the covid viruses on Earth amounted to about half a teaspoon's worth.
  • trollbridge 1 hour ago
    Note that certain large nationnal fleets are currently trying to fish every last krill they can find, so it might not be dominant in the future.
  • imzadi 3 hours ago
    I feel like it might be bamboo, but they sort of skipped over grasses
    • yorwba 2 hours ago
      Grasses mentioned in the article: rice, wheat, maize and sugar cane. I think all of them likely beat the bamboos because there are too many different bamboo species, not a single dominant one.
      • shevy-java 2 hours ago
        That's not necessarily grasses though. Rice is a Poaceae, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae, so these are covered by the grass family - but grasses would be the non-eatable variants in the wild. See Wikipedia:

        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grass

        "The three major families of grasslike plants are true grasses (Poaceae), sedges (Cyperaceae), and rushes (Juncaceae)."

        So he at best only did the family Poacaea but where are the wild poaceae in his calculations?

        Tons of things are missing in that article.

  • nephihaha 13 minutes ago
    I'm guessing some kind of yeast, fungus or plankton.
  • gkoenig 11 hours ago
    It was fun and gave human written. Thanks for that!
    • elevation 3 hours ago
      English words like "goodbye" are contracted from longer expressions after centuries of common use[0]. Reading your phrase "gave human written" made me wonder how this phrase would contract if it were still in use centuries from today.

      [0]: https://www.youtube.com/shorts/t2ew2UHaCuY

    • apsurd 3 hours ago
      funny that i didn’t think about it till i read your comment. and then realized i read the entire thing. checks out.

      on the other hand i don’t think I’m physically capable of reading the AI landing pages of every new product on HN.

  • a3w 3 hours ago
    How come algae did not make the list?
  • TZubiri 2 hours ago
    Should the wood of trees be counted? Its effectively dead cells of the plant, it'd be like counting the skin that we shed and sweep off the floor every weekend.

    The trees are cheating

    • schiffern 1 hour ago
      If the dead cells were shed, I might agree! But they're not.

      This is like counting the dead skin cells that are still attached, which (sure enough!) does count toward animal biomass.

    • nkrisc 1 hour ago
      It serves an important structural purpose for them. Similar to corals.
    • sophacles 1 hour ago
      A lot of the wood is used for transporting water - vital to keeping the trees alive high up in the branches. And it is structural - so should we subtract 70% of the bone weight from a mammal since it is non-living structural support?
  • vlyan 3 hours ago
    >There are thousands of species of ants and termites, and just one species of human.

    that's rather debatable. unless, of course, you're an adherent of creationism.

    • pfdietz 2 hours ago
      It's talking about species that currently exist. As far as we know there is only one currently existing species in the genus Homo.
  • shevy-java 2 hours ago
    He did not calculate the weight of bacteria, archaea, viruses?

    I understand that they each individually are small, but they are literally everywhere - and include carbon too.

  • nubinetwork 4 hours ago
    Was surprised not to see whales on the list
    • dhosek 2 hours ago
      Individual whales are large, but there aren’t that many individuals.
    • SoftTalker 4 hours ago
      I wonder if populations have fully recovered from the whale-oil era.
    • nephihaha 33 minutes ago
      Giant squid may be a bigger part of biomass than people think. I saw some estimates on sperm whale catches of giant squid and they may be eating thousands. There are far more of them than you might think, and they have a 3D living space. Sperm whale may be designed to hunt them.
    • ninalanyon 3 hours ago
      LOL
  • sleight42 1 hour ago
    Mosquitos? I think of the massive bloodsucking politicians and billionaires...
  • andai 3 hours ago
    Obligatory xkcd has a nice visualization of the land mammals by mass:

    https://xkcd.com/1338/

    • dhosek 2 hours ago
      It’s nice to see he separated the sheep and the goats.
  • liquid-monthly 6 hours ago
    [flagged]
  • lukeify 3 hours ago
    [flagged]
    • imzadi 3 hours ago
      Plastic is a species?
      • dhosek 2 hours ago
        Ever hear of the Nestene consciousness and the autons?
  • JoeAltmaier 9 hours ago
    Anaerobic bacteria in rock underground. Because they inhabit cubic volume, not 2D surfaces, there can be no comparison.
    • xboxnolifes 4 hours ago
      I'm not sure what cubic volume vs 2D surfaces means to you, but these comparisons are by mass, not volume. Plus, anaerobic bacteria would only come up on top if you counted all of them as one species, which they are not.
    • TZubiri 2 hours ago
      The same argument could be had for fish, since they inhabit the volume of water, instead of the thin land surface of earth.
      • JoeAltmaier 1 hour ago
        They are in zones and layers, yes. But very very thinly spread. Most life in the ocean are withing the top 3 meters.
  • rinconrex 1 hour ago
    What about Bristlemouths? [0] Estimated to be in the TRILLIONS, inhabiting 70% of the earth's surface. Even if they are small, I think they have Spruce and "Larches" pretty handily beat by biomass. Cyclothone upper estimates are quadrillions of fish[1].

    [0]https://a-z-animals.com/articles/the-10-animals-with-the-hig...

    [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonostomatidae

    • happyopossum 1 hour ago
      Bristlemouths are a family, made up of 32 distinct species. The question is dominant species...
      • faldor20 57 minutes ago
        He is actually still probably right.

        If we say the fish is 2cm wide and 7.5cm long (average length according to wiki) That's 23cm^3 Assume the fish is neutrally bouyant so it's 1g/cm^3(I know deep sea pressures change density, but let's just go with this)

        1 quadrillion*23g= 23 trillion kg

        So like... 1/32 of that is still around 100x bigger than the trees.

        • cmpb 17 minutes ago
          That seems dubious, trophically. Whatever the prolific bristlemouth species eats would then likely be the greater biomass species
          • rinconrex 4 minutes ago
            Copepods and a variety of other things like molluscs and small fish, not necessarily just one species. Of course, as you point out, the fish must have more food biomass than themselves, but it is not as concentrated (high density of one genus) in the lower trophic levels.
      • rinconrex 1 hour ago
        Fine, you want a species? Cyclothone alba, circumglobal, possibly in the high trillions [0].

        [0] https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/...